Graphene

Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial composed of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice through sp² hybridization.

Graphene exhibits exceptional optical, electrical, and mechanical properties, making it highly promising in fields such as materials science, micro/nano fabrication, energy, biomedicine, and drug delivery. It is regarded as a potentially revolutionary material for future technologies.

In 2010, physicists Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov from the University of Manchester were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for successfully isolating graphene from graphite using the micromechanical exfoliation method.

Common methods for producing graphene powder include mechanical exfoliation, oxidation–reduction (chemical exfoliation), and epitaxial growth on SiC substrates. For thin film production, the most widely used method is chemical vapor deposition (CVD).